Combined windmill and electric generator



May 15,1945 F. VICTORIAv 2,376,020

COMBINED WINDMILL AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR .69 ylga Wl 'lll a w May l5, 1945. F. vVICTORIA Q 2,375,020

COMBINED WINDMILL vAND ELECTRC GRATOR May 15, 1945. F. VICTORIA r i 2,376,020

` COMBINED WINDMILL AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR Filed MayV 26, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 ung!" May 15', 1945. F. VICTORIA I COMBINED WINDMILL AND ELECTRIC GENERATORl Filed May 26, 1944 v4 Sheets-Sheet 4l Patented May 15, 1945 coMiNEn WINDMILL AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR Frank. Victoria, Julesliurg, Colo.

- Application May 26, 1944, Serial No. 537,435

IClaim. (Cl. 2911-44) -Myfnvention relates to that ,type of windmills or wind motors in. which the .power generated by the wind Wheel is utilized for various purposes.

The .principalobject 'of-.my invention is to provide a Wind-motor of this character which may "De used forpmnping Water .and for generating an electriclcurrentfof low voltage for lighting and illuminating `purposes as Well as for operating small machines vas for instance churns, Washing machines, saws, and the like.

Afurtherobject .oi .the invention is to provide a combinedllwind motor of this `character with means for. pumpingllubricating oilto thel bearings of the mechanism yemployed in this instance for pumping watergandi for generating electric current, including those of the main driving shaft which forms part'of' the windmill. A fiu'rther object of the invention is to provide a Wind motor with means for, closing the bladesof the wind Wheel from theforce of the Wind, either automatically or manually so thatsaid wind Wheel willrbe inoperativelin a strong` wind to prevent injury to the lmotor or parts operated thereby, or when it is desired to. make repairs.`

Intheprei'erredform of my invention which provides particularly for the ygeneration of electricitydirectly from the -`shaft of the wind Wheel andcontemplatesfspecial'means for conducting the electricity fromthe tower, 'thel electric generatorfandlubricating deviceas well as the' wind wheelare carried by a casing' or housing supportedv on a'column orn standard rotatable in the upper endof a tower, and in the modiedform oi'my invention the lubricatingdevice only is locatedV in thehousing' at the upper end ofthe tower; fWhiley the generator and means for operating'the Wellpump are enclosed-in a'casing or `housing atthebase'of' said tower, the main purpose of rmy invention being to provide Aan apparatusl of thisgeneral character which Will' be compact` in `constructionl andj effective' inits operation', 'all as hereinafter fully described and specifoaliyset .forthl in the appended claim.

- yIii/the-y accompanying drawings: Figure `1 isa 'side' elevation of the vpreierre 'form o f the combined wind-mill andelectric gen- Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail sectional view of theslidable collarlwhich forms anelectric conductor asA Well aspart ofthe means for operating the vane of thewind wheel.

Fig. 6 is a sectional Viewl on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1 to show the brake -band mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a sectional viewthrough the casing on the line 1-1 of Fig. 1 looking toward its forward end. l'

Fig. 8 is a rvertical longitudinal sectional View of the upper partv of the structure illustrating a modiiied forinof the Windmill and electric generator. l

Fig. y9 is a similar view ofthe lowerl part of the structure used in conunctionwith the housing and mechanism shotvnin'Fig. Sfand Fig. 10 is a detail vicwofthedutch operating mechanism used in connection ,with the `arrangement of operating mechanism for'the pump and electric` generator shown .in Fig. 9.

In 'the preferred form `4of my invention the pump'mechanis'm andelectric generator operated lbythe wind motor are enclosedwithin a casing or housing l0 suitably mounted onithe upper end cfa rotatable column or standard', preferably by means oa sleeve"r 9f projecting into the casing or housing andweld'ed `to said standard so that the housingvwill rotate therewith. The lcolumn or standard of the housing'is'supported in the upper portion of a tower I provided with spaced apart platforms on which are secured bearings 2,r 3 cooperating with vcollars, 1, 1 Vixed `on the standardfor rotatably supporting it and the tower,.and to reduce friction in the turning movement ofthe standard and housing 'supported thereby ball bearings 8 are employed assho'wn in Fig. 2. The' casing or housing isy in the *form of the body of a bird, that is to sayit tapers abruptlyY towards its yfn'yvard end and gradually towards the rear, the main shaft l5 Whiehis driven by the wind Wheelpassing horizontally through the center of this housing L'a,nd"`journaled in roller bearings Il and I2. The casing'is provided 'with a vertical partition 54'1 in the longertapered end from which isI supported luy-bracket I4' afcasing-havi'ng the roller kbearing Il for the main shaft while the casing for7 the roller vbearing Il is supported by bracket f3 at the forward end of.` the housing. The Wind wheel fixed to the forward end of the mainV shaft l5 comprises a skeleton. hub'and'concentric rings 2'0, 22 and 23 to which' the bladesl2| are secured by Wire" spokes I 8' extending from spaced apart disks |6,'l6 to the outer ring 20, said disks being connected together by' brace rods l1, and as will :be noted by referenceto Fig. 1

"inner, disk or wheel I 6 of said hub with the brake band retained in place by a rim flange 2 6 supported from the bracket I3 .by angle bars y34 (Fig.

'2), said brake band being connectedv at its ends to a ,bell crank lever 21 (Fig. 6) pivoted in av bearing on the bracket I3 at the forward end of the housing and operated by a rod 28 extending rearwardly at one side of the supporting standard 6 and passing loosely through a lug or guide bracket 29 on the housin-g to receive a helical spring 32 for normally holding the brake band released. 'The helical spring is interposed between a companion guide bracket 29a and a collar 28a fixed to the rod and bearing against the aforesaid bracket 29 when the spring is expanded in releasing the brake, and for operating-the rod against the action of the spring in applying the brakes the level` 3l is fulcrumed on the housing at 3Ia and connected at its lower end to a headA at the outer end of the brake rod, while at its upper end said lever is provided with a projection or bumper 33 against which the supporting frame of the, movable vane or tail of the wind wheel strikes in the operation for a vertical reciprocating crosshead 48 to which the upper end of the pump rod 49 is connected, said guide posts being braced at their upper ends by acrossbar 38 and vertical bar 39, the latter extending to the top of the housing. The crosshead 48 is provided with intermediate slides 41 working on the posts and at its opposite ends said crosshead is extendedv downwardly to provide pitman rods 53, 53 connected to pitman wheels 5I fixed to the ends of a horizontal shaft 50 mounted in a bearing 40 supported from the sleeve 9 by inclined barsY 4I, said pitman wheels being in the form of large gearwheels in mesh with pinions 52 keyed to the driving shaft I5, it being noted thatA the driving shaft and shaft carrying the pitman wheels are in'vertical alignment and that i the crosshead is at one side of the shaft I5 so that the latter will not interfere with the operation of the pitman rods which are each pivoted near the axes of the pitman wheels.

Oil is supplied to the bearings Il and I2 by way of pipes 46, 46 extending from a pump 44 receivlng oil from a well 42 surrounding the sleeve 9, the piston 45 of said pump being operated from the crosshead 48 to which it is connected as shown in Fig. 2, and in order that the oil deposited on the bottom of the housing may be returned to the oil-well the latter is provided with apertures 43 on a plane slightly below the lower or inlet end of the pump, oil from the bearing I I being led to the bottom of the housing by a small conduit extending through the bracket I3. As an ordinary form of force pump is employed an illustration in detail is unnecessary, and it will be understood of course that a fresh supply of oil will be placed in the well from time to time, and in order to gain access to the housing for this purpose, as well as to inspect and make repairs to the mechanism enclosed from the weather said housing is provided with a doorway Ia. Furthermore, it will be obvious that additional oil supply pipes from the pump may be led to the upper ends of the posts 3B, 3E for lubricating the slides 41.

The partition wall 54 forms a compartment 55 at the rear end of the housing in which an electric generator 66 is located and is driven from the main driving shaft I5 by means of transmission gear comprising a ratchet wheel 58 keyed to said main shaft and engaged by a pawl 51 pivoted to and carried by a gearwheel 56 loosely mounted on the shaft alongside of said ratchet wheel and in mesh with a pinion 59 on a stub shaft 60 interposed between the main driving shaft and shaft 65a of the electric generator, the stub shaft being geared to the generator shaft by gearwheels 64 and 65. The stub shaft Ellis supported in a bearing box 5I extendingthrough the partition ywall 54, and is held in placeor properly intermeshed with the companion gears by the gearwheel 59 at one end of said bearing box and a collar 63 at the other end thereof, the latter being keyed to the stub shaft by pin B2. It will be understood that the pawl carried by the gearwheel loosely mounted on the main shaft is engaged by the ratchet wheel xed to said shaft when the latter is turned in one direction under the influence of the wind striking the blades of the wind wheel which operates said shaft, and that the pawl escapes over said ratchet wheel should the shaft be turned in the other direction, For the purpose of cooling the electric generator by atmospheric air the bottom of the compartment is provided with openings 61 protected by a screen 68, and for conducting the electric current from the generator a wire 69 extends therefrom to the tower where it is connected to an automatic switch or conductor mounted on the rotatable standard supporting the housing.

The wind wheel carried by the housing is normally held into the wind or operative position by means of a vane 81 secured to the outer end of a frame `comprising converging rods 85 and 85 pivoted to the upper and lower sides of the housing by pintles 84 and connected at intermediate points by vertical plates 88 and 89, said vane and frame carried thereby having a horizontal swinging motion for` moving the wind wheel out of operation or with its edge to the wind when said vane is shifted by the wind or manually at right angles to the housing, and for holding the vane yieldingly in longitudinal alignment with the housing for the operation of the wind wheel under normal conditions a spring 90 is connected by ears 9|, 92 to the rear end of the housing and plate 88 of the frame supportingthe vane. Bumpers 93, 94 onM the plate 89 of the vane supporting frame cooperate with bumpers 96 and 91 on the rear end of the housing to reduce the shock of the movable vane when it returns to its normal position, and in order that its movement to position at right anglesto the housing will operate the lever 3| for applying the brake to the wind -wheel a projection or bumper 95 on the plate 89 engages the bumper 33 on said lever actuating the latter to pull on the rod 28 connected tothe bellcrank lever of the brake device, excessive movement of the vane and its frame being prevented yoke 11 carry theV rotatable 'housing to thev bot.v

, y l -as'zaozo by4 the. bumpersisslsndf c striking bumpers-I n2,

t 2J on the trous/iri"g.1 The vane fis operated manu.-

' ally to'throw the 'wind wheel out of f operation by ched tothey plate 89 of andv extending therefrom |00 in' a` bracket-'1 99. se'- riians'-l of a cable 90-l a the supporting iframe between guide# rollers'v cured tothev bottom "of to anleye'NH on aspool like' collar 1|E slidable on the rota-tablestandard Fig.l 4, said collar being operated to pull onthe cable by means of pull ropes or cables 8| extending-through the platforms of thetower to a crosspiece4 02 at the'bcttor-n'of thetower;y -The pull ropesor cables' areconnectedto the collar throug'hfthe medium' of a' yoke "I 1 :looselymounted ony the collarpbetweenthe 4upper The `collar 1| and for transmitting the currentffrcmtom'. of: the; tower, said means in the present in:

stanceconsistingpf a springeactuatedbinding post orcontact memberflintheform of l a yheaded pin or vertically -movableterminal post towhichsthefwiref conductor 69 fromI the gene eiator is.- connected, thefpostpassing through .an

opening "l2V in-thecollar with a Spring 'l5 inter.-

posed between a plate: 'luat thefunper 'end of. thefopening-and a nut'14f nearthelowercend of the post. By reference to Figs. 2 andi it will 'ce seen'v that the lower-end of the spring-actuated post o1' the upper side of the yokepso tlfieihousingand` attached has.- a-n adjustable weight 83e electricy connector bears on an annular plate 16 fixed to l 6 to which litis connected for-rotation therewitheby spline 80; asshown-fin 'a y and lowerflanges thereof." The'crossbarlto which thepull'ropes landr isgeare'd to the by bevelgears |33 andl'3'4, the

that this electric connector will transmit the current from the movable part of the apparatus by way of the slidable collar to the. stationary part or yoke by which said collar is operated in throwing the Windmill in and out of operation manu ally. The post and annular plate are suitably insulated from the parts to whichthey are connected so that the current fromthe generator in the housing will not be grounded through the metal framework of the tower. The'electric con-- e ductor described 'is encased in a. supplemental housing |0b secured to and depending from the underside of the main housing I0. i

By reference te Fig, 1 it win .be observed: that, the electric generator 66' is located at the oppoi site side of the standard from the wind wheel, and that the other parts of the mechanism car' ried 'by the housing are evenly distributed with reference to the rotatablefstandard in vorder that the windmill supported thereby may freely turn without exerting uneven pressure on the tower, and thatthe vane is on a horizontal line, approximately, with the axis of the wind wheel.

Inthe modification illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 I provide the windmill as a separate unit and locate the housing for the mechanism which operates the pump rodand electric generator at the bottom of the tower, in this instance the main shaft |09 driven by the wind wheel being mounted in a comparatively small casing or housing at the upper end of a rotatable standard |06, with the shaft supported in bear ings H2, ||3 The main shaft is geared to a vertical shaft ||4 suitably supported in the housing.`

egtendingwfrom the .windmill yby-inte,rmeshin-g geapwhee'ls |-21-a-nd 428g the latter carrying one member of 'a ball bearingli I6, the other 'memn bervof which is aty the upper end of the said standard In this instancealso thev bearings for the main shaft are lubricated by means ofy anl oi'l'pump '|20 located on .the bottom ofthe casing or housing' |05 toreceivefa supply of oil from the bottom of said casing andfpump it through pipes- |2| tosaidvbearings, the oil'pump'having -a 'valve |26in the lower endrv of--the cylinder-and aA pistonf operated from the main shaft by an yeccentric |22 Awith theband `v |23 connected tothe pump rod |24.l The windwheel is ofthe ,constri-ictiezi` hereinbefore described with reference to the preferred vconstructioiin of apparatus, and eonsequentlythe'hub !|0and brake ||I`v only areshe-wn, and likewise thevaneand its supporting/frame with themechanism 'for manuallyoperating said vane arel the same; with vthe exception tlf-iatl in this modification the inner ends of the con-verging bars 85'ar1d 86 are hingedly con- The vertical -Lectedrto the -rear endl ofthe casing or housing shaft l I4 rotated bythe shaft of theww-indmili yextends downwardly through the tower` into -a Vbox |3=|- at one sideof -a housing |36 which encloses theoperatingmechanism for the 'pumprand electric' generator. This operating mechanism' is similar to that hereinbefore de# scribedwithreference tothe preferred embcdi.

ment` ofmy invention and comprises a horizontal driving shaft supported in bearings 136 shaft H4 fromy the windmill said driving shaft being geared to any auxiliary shaft |42r by pinions i3f'|-in mesh with'large gearwheels |53I at the endsof `said auxiliary shaft. Pitman rods |44 aref connected tothe gear-wheels |43 tol reciprocate a crosshead v|45 which operates the-pump rod |46 connected to said crosshead, the latter having slides |65 working on vertical guide posts |66 rising from the bottom of the housing, and

fory disconnecting the gearwheels |31 from the shaft when it isdesired tov throw the pump out of operation a clutch member |38 is formed on rto the shaft and Operated by a lever a yoke |39 embracing said slidable clutch memeach gearwheel with which engages a companion clutch member |3Ba slidably connected by spline |40 having ber. The levers |40 are pivoted intermediate their ends and for operating these levers they .are connected at their outer ends by links |58 to a lever |59 at opposite sides of the fulcrum |60 of said lever, and to hold this clutch operating lever when shifted to engage' or disengage the clutches it is provided with the usual sliding rod 16| adapted to engage a toothed quadrant |62. This arrangement of clutch operating mechanism throws the clutches in vand out of engagement according to the throw of the lever, as will be obvious. l The driving shaft also operates an electric-generator |56 supported in a compartment at the other side of the housing from the driving shaft is box |3|, for which purpose said extended into the compartment and carries a large gearwheel |49 in mesh with a gearwheel |53 on a stub shaft geared to the motor shaft of the generator by intermeshing gearwheels |54 and |55.l The gearwheel |49 is loosely mounted on the driving shaft for operation by means of a clutch having interengaging ratchet teeth, with the slidable member |50a of the clutch actuated to engage and disengage the companion ymember by means |35 and connected thereto f of a'pvoted'lever 15| connected to the clutch by armf l 51a having a yoke embracing the slidable member of said clutch, the lever being provided with the usual sliding pawl |5|b engaging toothed segment |5|c for holding the clutch in or out of engagement.

The operation of my improved form of combined windmill and electric generator Will be readily understood from the foregoing description inconnection with the accompanying drawings, for when the vane is in its normal position as shown in Fig. 1 it will act to turn the housing carrying the windmill so as to bring the wind wheel. into the wind, and the turning of the main shaft I5 will operate the pumping mechanism and electric generator, in one instance (Fig. 1) directly and in the other instance (Figs. 8 and 9) through the intervention of the vertical shaft H4, the aforesaid driving shaft also operating the oil pump to keep the bearings lubricated.

When the generator is located in the housing at the top of the tower the current will be transmitted to the ground by wire 69, binding post 70, and annular plate 'IB to which the lead Wire 1B is connected, the spring actuated binding post bearing on the annular plate to maintain contact therewith during the turning movement of the standard and housing carried thereby, and of course the electric current may be utilized for lighting a dwelling, barn, and other buildings, and for operating different domestic apparatus, as a churn, saw mill, etc. When it is desired to putV the windmill out of operation, as for instance during a storm or in making repairs, the collar 'Il is slid down on the on the ropes or cables 8l and this collar operates to swing the vane at right angles to the housing so that the wind wheel will present its edge to the wind. As the vane is swung to one side of the housing the bumper 95 striking the bumper standard by pulling 33 Lon the brake operating lever 3| will operate the latter so that the brake will be applied to stop the wind wheel and hold it from turning.

I have vshown modications in the construction and arrangement of the mechanism embodying myl invention of an apparatus operated by a windmill for pumping water and generating electric current, but it will be understood that further modifications or changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the appended claim.

I claim: v

In a combined Windmill and electric generator having a housing rotatably mounted at the upper end of a tower, a horizontal shaft extending into the housing, and a wind Wheel driving said shaft, of a rotatable standard supportingl the housing on the tower, a vane carrying frame pivoted to the rear end of the housing for lateral movement, a helical spring connected to the housing and to the Vane carrying frame for holding the latter normally in longitudinal alignment with the housing to position the wind Wheel in operative position, a collar slidable on the rotatable standard and connected to the vane carrying frame for manually shifting the latter to put the windmill out of operation, and a yoke loosely connected to the collar and having pull ropes depending therefrom at opposite sides thereof; together with an velectric generator in the housing operated from the shaft of the wind wheel, a spring-actuated binding-post mounted in the collar and connected to the generator, an annular plate on the yoke forming a terminal with which said binding-post engages, and afwire conductor leading from 'said annular plate or terminal for conveying the electric current to the point of consumption.

FRANK VICTORIA. 

